園児選別聴力検査法の検討
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概要
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The auditory screening test for school-age children is not applicable for a large number of preschoolers, especially younger children aged 3 to 4 years. While most children with severe hearing impairments are detected at an early age, those mild or moderate hearing losses may be unnoticed until the second or third grade in elementary school. This handicap may give thoee children the real disadventage in thier class. Therefore it is important to identify those with mild-to-moderate hearing impairmants as early as possible. METHOD 1) The subjects for this survey were 348 kindergarten children whose age ditribution was from 3 to 6 years. 2) A pure-tone screening test was administered by two trained volunteers, students in the Department of Speech Pathology and Deaf at Osaka University of Education, with two recently calibrated audiometers Rion AA-32, and AA-33. 3) The subjects were tested either with continuous tone or interrupted tone (rise-decay time 25 msec, interruption cycle 2 cps, duty cycle, 50%) at 1, 000 Hz and 4, 000 Hz. 4) The tests were conducted in two rooms (50 phone, Net C) which were considered most quiet in the building. Prior to the testing sessions, it was determined that normal-hearing individuals could be screened easily at 15 dB (JIS). 5) Five children at each time were conducted into the testing room by the lead of a teacher. The screening audiometry was carried out individually with biaural air-conduction receivers. 6) In this procedure, the preselected frequencies were first presented three times at the level of 20 dB, and the child was asked to raise his hand each time a tone was heard. The tone was presented first to one ear and then to the other. 7) If no response was found when the signal was presented, the test repeated at the level of 25-dB, and up to 30-dB in each ear for each frequency. The lack of response to any one of the three presentations at the 30-dB was estimated as the failure of the screening test. 8) For those who were thus screened out, a careful examination of pure-tone audiometry in sound-treated room and otologic examination were administered in our center. RESULTS 1) Percentage of failure at the screening level of 20 dB was found much higher in the younger group aged 3 and 4 than in the group aged 5 and 6 years. However, children who failed screening test decreated with increasing intensity level in both groups, and no marked differences between the two grogps were found at 30-dB level of each frequency. The same trend was found in continuous-tone listening group and interrupted-tone listening group. 2) Out of 348 children 21 failed the pure-tone screening test. 3) Out of 18 chilldren for whom the pure-tone audimetry was administered, twelve had hearing losses at the level of 30 dB and more at 1, 000 Hz or 4, 000 Hz. The remaining six had thresholds below 25 dB. 4) Concerning of the incidence of the false-positive cases, no particular relation between both test tone groups or all age groups was observed. 5) The time taken for pure-ton screeng tests was measured by a stop-watch. The time perchild was about 2 minutes in children aged 3 years, and approximately 1 minute in children aged 4 to 6.
- 社団法人 日本耳鼻咽喉科学会の論文
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