Menstrual and Reproductive Factors and Risk of Lung Cancer among Chinese women, Eastern Gansu Province, 1994-1998

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There are suggestions that women have higher relative risks of lung cancer than men given similar levels of tobacco exposure, implying that sex-related hormones may influence lung cancer risk. We evaluated the association between lung cancer risk and menstrual and reproductive factors on a sub-set of self-responding females in a population based case-control study in Eastern Gansu Province, China, 1994-1998. The analysis included 109 incident lung cancer cases and 435 controls selected from the census list and frequency matched to cases on age and prefecture. Odds ratios were lower for later ages at menarche (trend, P = 0.015) and later ages at menopause (trend, P = 0.074). Despite limi-tations, these findings suggest a possible role of hormones in the etiology of lung cancer in females.J Epidemiol 2003;13:22-28.