ザイール川とタンガニイカ湖漁撈民の魚類認知の体系
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概要
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A field survey in collaboration with the Institut de Recherche Scientifique was carried out near Kindu and Baraka, Région du Kivu, République du Zaïre (Sep. 1979-Feb. 1980).Folk-knowledge of the fish is described in detail for the two areas. The author identified 99 species from the Zaïre River and 97 species from Lake Tanganyika.Songola fishermen (Enya group) along the Zaïre River had 108 vernacular names and 12 inclusive folk categories of the fish, consisting of six levels of categorization. There existed 18 series of fishes, in which one fish has two to four different vernacular names according to its life-cycle stages (L. S. fish). All L. S. fishes of the Enya group were large-sized fishes and their names changed by growth size. This fact was probably in accordance with the mesh sizes of traditional fishnets.Bwari fishermen of northern Tanganyika had 79 vernacuar names and 4 inclusive folk categories, consisting of three levels. There existed 8 L. S. fishes. They were diverse in body size and a small clupeid NDAGAA, one of the most abundant and important fishes for the Lake Tanganyika fishermen, had as many as four life-cycle stages according to its market price.Thus, Lake Tanganyika fishermen had a simpler system of folk-taxonomy of the fish than the Zaïre River fishermen. This differrence might be understood by the difference in the composition of the fish fauna of the two areas; in Lake Tanganyika while small-sized cichlid species (called inclusively as LENDA by the Bwari) are dominant, NDAGAA prevails in the catch.
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