Highly dispersed behavior of thermal plasma-synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles in water

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Spherical TiO2 nanoparticles, with mean primary particle sizes of 29 and 53 nm, were synthesized by Ar/O2 radio frequency (RF) induction thermal plasma pyrolysis of atomized liquid precursors containing titanium tetrabutoxide. In the synthesis of the 29-nm-sized TiO2 nanopowders, the counter-flow gas was injected against plasma from the bottom of the reactor in order to enhance the quench rate. The plasma-synthesized nanoparticles at 1.0 vol % in solid fraction were dispersed by ultrasonic irradiation in the aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid with an average molecular weight of 8000. The mean aggregate size of the plasma-synthesized powders in aqueous suspension measured by a particle size analyzer corresponded exactly to the mean primary particle size evaluated by examining surface area data and by analyzing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, which suggests that the plasma-synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were individually dispersed in water.