Genome damage and microsporogenesis inhibition in Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pors. (Fabaceae) through impact of lead

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Heavy metals are one of the important classes of environmental hazards. They become toxic, when they are not metabolized by the body and accumulate in the soft tissues. Heavy metals may enter the human body through food, water, air, or absorption through the skin when they come in contact with humans in agriculture and in manufacturing, pharmaceutical, industrial, or residential settings. As many heavy metals are mutagenic and clastogenic, they cause teratogenic or carcinogenic effects. Dhaincha [Sesbania cannabina (Rets.) Pors., Fabaceae] is a multipurpose legume crop and is adaptable to adverse climatic conditions such as water logging, drought etc. and is widely used as green manure crop. Effects of lead on germination percentage, survival percentage, pollen fertility and meiotic divisions of S. cannabina were studied. For this purpose soaked seeds of S. cannabina were treated with different concentrations of lead nitrate solution i. e. 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm for 3 h and treated seeds were sown to raise the population. There was dose dependent effect of the mutagenic treatments on chromosomal aberrations and pollen fertility. Increase in various types of meiotic aberrations and reduction in pollen fertility percentage were observed at all the doses of treatment. Higher frequency of chromosomal anomalies was observed at maximum dose of treatment.