Sensing characteristics of mixed-potential-type zirconia-based sensor attached with NiO-based sensing electrode prepared by ball-milling

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A stabilized zirconia-based sensor attached with an oxide sensing-electrode (SE) was developed for the selective detection of propylene (C3H6), representative hydrocarbon (HC), at high temperature. Among six kinds of commercial oxides examined, NiO-SE gave the highest sensitivity to C3H6 at 600°C under the wet condition. However, other sensing characteristics, such as the C3H6 selectivity, the response and recovery times, of this sensor were not satisfactory. Thus, to improve the C3H6 sensing characteristics, NiO-SE was successively mixed with different oxides. For better reproducibility of response, all the single- or mixed-oxide SEs were prepared by ball-milling. As a result, the sensor attached with NiTiO3-SE (the initial mixture of 50 mol% NiO and 50 mol% TiO2) exhibited highly selective and sensitive response to C3H6 at 650°C, accompanying with relatively quick response and recovery. In addition, by the comparison of sensing performances of NiTiO3-SEs fabricated by the different methods, the ball-milling method was found to be the most appropriate from the viewpoint of obtaining high selectivity and sensitivity to C3H6.