Construction and Characterization of a Recombinant Canine Adenovirus Expressing GP5 and M Proteins of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

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The causative agent of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is PRRS virus (PRRSV), which belongs to the family Arteriviridae. GP5/M protein complex of PRRSV binds to sialoadhesion expressed on the cells to infect the cells. In this study, we developed a canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) recombinant, termed rCAV2-GP5/M, expressing GP5 and M proteins. To evaluate the immunogenicity of the recombinant virus, mice were inoculated subcutaneously with rCAV2-GP5/M, and specific antibodies against PRRSV in the sera were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the viral neutralization test. Two weeks post-immunization (w.p.i.), anti-PRRSV antibodies were detected in the sera, slightly increased by booster immunization at four w.p.i., and then gradually decreased. The viral neutralizing test showed that neutralizing antibodies were present in the sera collected at two w.p.i., increased by booster immunization, and reached the maximum titer at six w.p.i. Lymphocyte proliferation responding to PRRSV antigens was also observed from two w.p.i. Although further studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of the recombinant virus to protect pigs from PPRSV, we succeeded in developing a candidate vaccine against PPRSV infection by using CAV-2 vector.