Cytogenetical studies of triple hybrid from F1 Triticum turgidum×Secale cereale and Triticum vulgare:III. Characteristics of F1 and F2 plants and the number of somatic chromosomes
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In this investigation the fertility and germination of the seeds of F1 plants, and external characters, fertility and somatic chromosomes of F2 plants of Triticum-Secale triple hybrids raised between F1 of T. turgidum×S. cereale with T. vulgare were studied.34 seeds were obtained from 4 plants of 2n=41 among 10 individuals of fertile Triticum- Secale triple hybrids, and 40 seeds from 6 individuals (66 spikes) of 2n=42 in the same hybrids.No marked difference in fertility between these two groups of individuals of triple F1 hybrids, having 2n=41 and 2n=42 chromosomes could be found.The fertility in every individuals of triple F1 having 2n=41 chromosomes has shown to vary 0.61-10.50 percents and that of 42 chromosomes to a 0.61-8.33 percents respectively. But these percentages of fertility are very low (Table 1). The percentage of germination of F2 seeds resulted from F1 plants has shown to vary from 37.5 to 100 on the germinated seeds.The somatic chromosome number of 40 individuuals of F2 plants raised from 74 seeds resulted from the 10 individuals of fertile triple F1 hybrids is very widely scattered from 28 to 56. The frequency of individuals for every number of somatic chromosomes has shown from 1 to 7; and these cases of dispersion of individuals for every class value (chromosome number) are almost all alike.The somatic chromosome numbers of F2 plants raised from F1 of 2n=41 were dimodally distributed: 28-33 and 37-41, and those of the plants from F1 of 2n=42 were 28-33 and 42-48.In some individuals of F2 plants the length of stems and density of spikelets were surpassing to those of parent, F1 plants, in other individuals, however, not only no marked differences in the characters could be found, but some characters were rather inferior to those of the parent hydrid F1 (Table 3).The percentage of fertility of spikelets of F2 in the case of self pollination has shown to vary from 1.91 to 132.87 percent, and the average value was 20.5 percent. In this case the fertility was improved 3-13 times, or 6 times in average than that of the parent F1 plants.The percentage of the fertility of fertile F2 plants has shown to vary widely according to individuals. To summarize the fertility percentage for spikelets has shown highest in F2 plants having 29-30 somatic chromosomes, and as the somatic chromosomes increase from these numbers, the fertility percentage drops gradually. And it shows the lowest in the case of the plants having 38-41 and 44 chromosomes, moreover, after that, in some individuals with 45-47 somatic chromosomes high percentage of fertility was shown again.
- 日本遺伝学会の論文
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