東日本大震災における鉄骨造建物の津波被害について
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概要
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A huge disaster due to tsunami occurred on 11th March 2011 in Japan. The tsunami's height reached 14m, and the lower areas of coastal cities and towns were completely wiped out and building functions were lost. Many drowned people have not yet been found. Other great tsunamis are expected in the near future in coastal areas of Japan. Refuges against tsunami must be established immediately in existing buildings to save lives in future tsunamis. Design criteria for tsunami refuges have been published by the Japanese government. However, tsunami loads may have been overestimated in these design criteria. It is very important to correctly estimate tsunami loads for the many tsunami refuges to be constructed. The authors surveyed damaged steel buildings from 7th July to 11th July 2011 to evaluate the tsunami's loading. From the failure mechanism and the member dimensions, the horizontal load could be estimated using plasticity theory. Furthermore, videos of the tsunami on buildings were obtained from Internet media, and the precise flood level of the tsunami could be estimated at the building site. Therefore, valuable observation data of tsunami load could be presented. Two damaged steel buildings were examined, and member dimensions, residual story drift angle, and locations of plastic hinges are discussed. The collapse loads were calculated assuming the yield stress of mild steel and grade of steel. The buildings were located in Kesennuma and Minami-sanriku, Miyagi prefecture, and the flood heights at the buildings were recorded as 5m and 13.5m, respectively. The design and observed horizontal loads were compared. The building frame of Kesennuma was inclined at 1/3 rad in 1st story drift angle and collapsed completely. That of the building frame in Minami-sanriku was inclined at 1/100 rad and maintained its original profile. The tsunami load on these building could be estimated as a hydro pressure against surface of drift direction. The flood height of the load evaluation formula in the design criteria was set to three times the steady state flood level observation to take into account the effect of impact load. It is pointed out that the tsunami load according to the design criteria for the building other than the rim of the coastal area may be overestimated.
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- 東日本大震災における鉄骨造建物の津波被害について