Submerged Weir Technology by Local Community as a Sustainable Solution for Water Management in the Lower Songkram River Basin, Thailand＜論文＞
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概要
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The Lower Songkram River Basin, Thailand is one among many areas of the world under the tropical monsoon climate that are facing the water shortage problem during the dry season. The Thai government has been trying to solve the problems but due to the limitation of the budgets, the problem is still remained and so far it is going to become more serious due to the change of climate and the human activities. Since the villagers in remote areas could not wait for the budget of the government as they had to survive, they then collected or contributed their money, labor and indigenous knowledge and constructed the so-called "submerged weir" made by the clay, across the sub-tributary of the Songkram River in order to provide water for their irrigated agriculture as well as for a fishing ground in the dry season. In the rainy season, the water level is over two meters above the submerged weir which enables fish to migrate from the two main rivers, the Mekong and the Songkram into the seasonal floodplains. Because this submerged weir was constructed with their own resources, the people have been paying attention in taking good care of the dike and so it is still working until nowadays. This submerged weir can conserve wetland ecosystem for their sustainable use for the whole year round. Communities exhibit a high degree of dependency on wetland resources for their livelihoods such as fish capturing and processing, wetland products harvesting including agriculture and livestock grazing. From the studies it becomes to a conclusion that if proper technology is applied and if the full participation of the local villagers is achieved, the sustainable solution for water management will be possible. In addition to our studies, it can suggest that due to the early than usual of the decrease of water level in the dry season which is consistent with the development and operation of big dams in the upper Mekong Basin, constructions of small submerged weirs in sub-tributaries are recommended in order to maintain water level and extend flooding periods on the seasonal floodplains.
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