Effects of Internal Migration on Residential Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Hanoi
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The objective of this research is to estimate the potential effects of migration on residential energy use and CO_2 emissions in Hanoi, Vietnam, where urbanization and migration are occurring simultaneously. This article estimates quantitatively the effects of migration that cannot be captured by the economic, demographic and dwelling characteristics of households. The estimation results show that migrants consume less energy from fossil fuels and emit less CO_2, after controlling for covariates such as income, number of household members and floor space. Furthermore, the effect of urban-to-urban migration has no statistically significant impact on energy consumption and CO_2 emissions. By contrast, rural-to-urban migration shows a significant and negative influence on residential energy consumption and CO_2 emissions. Hence, the estimates are lower when a city's population increase is caused by rural-urban migration than in cases where urban-to-urban migration and natural population growth are the main drivers of urban population growth.
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