司法制度改革の進展を背景とした学校教育の現状と課題-法務省作成教材「ルールづくり」と「模擬裁判」の分析を通して-
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本稿の目的は,司法制度改革以降の学校教育における『法の教育』の変化および現状と課題を整理し,その方向性を示すことにある。現在,小中高等学校では,法やルール・きまりを取り上げた授業が増えている。この背景には法務省による法教育の推進,学習指導要領の改訂などの後押しがあった。しかし,学校現場に法教育の理念と実践が十分に浸透しているとは言えない。本稿では,その要因を探るために法務省が作成した二つの教材「ルールづくり」・「模擬裁判」を取り上げて,以下に挙げる二つの問題意識を中心に検討した。第一に,国や行政主導の司法制度改革と法教育の推進であること,第二に,法化社会の進展という社会的背景が影響している。本論での検討をふまえて,これからの学校教育においては,子どもたちが自らの生活と法の役割を結びつけ,法化社会のあり方や社会参加の意義を考え,社会や法を形成する主体としての市民を育成する教育がいっそう求められることを指摘した。Today, Since Justice System Reform in Japan, classes at Primary and Secondary schools that took up laws and rules, regulations have increased. Pupils there have recognized the relation between laws and their life. As a result, they are able to consider future society which is based on laws, and learn their active participation in our society.Some people said that today is legalized society, where the role of laws has been complicated and diversified.As a result, teachers who want to make teaching plan about laws meet with some problems. For instance, teacherscannot understand easily a concrete function of laws, in consequence depend on partial characters of laws,such as, authoritarian, compulsory character. These attitudes influence their making teaching plans about laws.Why do it become like that? And what is a preferable educational program about laws? At first, this paper aimto introduce the movement of the administrational efforts in Japan. The Ministry of Justice has arranged to put the Law-Related Education into effect in Japanese schools. And now is struggling to the new educational models oflaws. Following its policy, contents of the course of study were revised by the Ministry of Education, Culture,Sports, Science and Technology in 2008. As the second, this paper aim to analyze two typical teaching materials, “Making rules"and“Mock Trial", and clarify the cause of confusions and some problems by making teaching plan about laws. The former materials,“Making rules", aim to make rules than to consider means of rules, and understand rules as the way to solve problems. But we need to notice the negative aspect of the rule, and estimaterules after making them. The latter,“Mock Trial"is not enough to consider the ideal way of the lay judge system.The new type of law education in schools wants to make pupils think about the role of laws or rules is to traintheir citizenship so that pupils can manage the social life. However, it is not enough and it needs more efforts. Especiallyit is necessary to consider the role of laws from many other angles.Therefore, this paper proposed three viewpoints that refer to new direction in education of laws; 1. how teachershould understand laws, 2. reconsider educational program in schools, and 3. share information and knowledgeabout laws and their society with other teachers.
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