ジャマイカ宗教史におけるアフリカの記憶とエスニシティ

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論文/ArticlesThe aim of this article is to demonstrate how African Jamaicans (slaves or former slaves) retained their religion, and then how memory of Africa and ethnicity as an African functioned and was interpreted. From the fifteenth century to nineteenth century, many Africans were lead away from West Africa to the New World by the slave trade. Jamaican slaves brought their African religious culture into the New World, but it was too difficult to maintain its pureness. Various cultures, customs, and beliefs were mixed on the plantations, so that a new common cosmology of Jamaican slaves was created. When the slaves were emancipated, they were confronted with difficulties concerning their identity as a Jamaican. They sought their ethnical origin from the Bible which they could only have; Ethiopian history, which is written in the Bible, was the most important part for them. As a result, they gradually identified themselves as Ethiopian although almost of their ancestors were from West Africa. On the contrary, middle-class Jamaicans accepted English culture uncritically so as to obliviate their African heritage. Hence, there were two cultures, one middle-class and the other lower class, in Jamaica until its independenceint 1962. Identity as being Ethiopian, which was created by the Jamaican lower classes, could not exist without Christianity. Their cosmology lay in the world view of Christianity. Ensuing movements such as Rastafarianism inherit this tradition.
2011-03-31

ジャマイカ宗教史におけるアフリカの記憶とエスニシティ

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