Isoenzyme Diversity and Differentiation of Marsh Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Populations in The Western Siberia
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Genetic diversity and differentiation of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations situated on eutrophic, mesotrophic, oligotrophic swamps and on dry land in south-taiga subzone of Western Siberia lowland (Tomsk region) were studied on the basis of allozyme variation analysis at 20 loci. The vegetative buds collected from 240 trees in eight populations were used as material for study. Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was applied to separation the isoenzymes of eleven enzyme systems. As a result of the study it was established that P. sylvestris populations studied are characterized sufficiently high level of genetic diversity. As a whole 75% of gene loci assayed were revealed to be polymorphic. The mean number of alleles per locus, the mean observed heterozygosity, the mean expected heterozygosity and the effective number of alleles were equal to 2.63, 0.217, 0.212 and 1.37, respectively. The greatest allelic diversity and the highest level of heterozygosity were established in population P. sylvestris, situated on mesotrophic swamp 2. More than 97% of total genetic variation was within the population and only 2.3% (Fst=0.023) was among the populations. The mean genetic distance D (Nei, 1972) between populations studied ranged from 0.004 to 0.016 and averaged 0.007. The most essential distinctions in genetic structure were revealed between populations of Scotch pine growing under contrast conditions of water-mineral nutrition on eutrophic and oligotrophic swamps as well as between populations situated on the various oligotrophic swamps. The obtained results testify to considerable genetic heterogeneity studied in Tomsk region of marsh populations of Scotch pine.
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