渦鞭毛藻類シスト群集は富栄養化指標として有効か？
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【2010年度日本プランクトン学会春季シンポジウム】プログラム「原生生物の多様性と生態的機能」Dinofiagellate cysts, which are hypnozygotes produced during their sexual life cycle, have been mainly utilized as index fossils in biostratigraphy. In addition, some of these cysts have been regarded as seeds for forthcoming harmful algal blooms in marine environmental sciences. Recently these dinoflagellate cysts have been used for understanding paleoenvironmental changes, particularly eutrophication process due to both natural conditions and anthropogenic activities. Two major signals for eutrophication are recognizable by looking at dinofiagellate cysts; the Oslafjord signal and the Heterotroph signal. The Oslofjord signal is characterized by a remarkable increase in total cyst densities accompanied by increases in a single species such as the autotrophic Lingulodinium machaerophorum in the case of Oslofjord, Norway. The Heterotroph signal is indicated by dominance of heterotrophic species such as the cysts of Polykrikos kofoidii/schwartzii, cysts of Protoperidinium spp. and/or cysts of the diplopsalid in Tokyo Bay and Apponagansett Bay in Massachusetts, U.S.A., because these dinoflagellates can consume autotrophic and heterotrophic microplanktonic organisms. The relationship between eutrophication (enrichment of nutrients) and increases of both autotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellate cysts involving the Oslofjord and Heterotroph signals can be explained as in Fig. 4. However, in order to employ these signals for understanding other environmentally different areas more adequate data of such as species-specific relationships and their correlations with nutrient limitation levels is needed.
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