15・6世紀を中心とする江南地方劇の変質について-2-

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In Chapter 1 of this article (printed in The Memoirs of the Institute of Oriental Culture 60, 1973), I observed various types of local plays in Chiang-nan江南through about the 15th and 16th centuries. In Chapter 2 (printed in this number), I have further investigated the organization of above-mentioned local plays ((1)～(3)) according to the materials found in“Ming-chou Wu-shih Chia-chi”茗洲呉氏家記，a kinship book in An-hui安徽，in the 16th century. As to the problems, I could recognize undermentioned various facts. (1) In common with the plays treated in (1), (2), (3) in Chapter 1, the entire management of each play was undertaken by autonomous organization known as she-hui社会，miao-hui廟会，etc,. The governing body of such hui会，consisting of plural number of she-hu社戸，or a council system made up with she-shou社首，was generally dominated by the elders within each local village. Business affairs and management of the hui, were usually carried out under a rotation and shift system by these she-hu. In many cases, especially in the cases of consanguineous villages, consisting of minority clans, often found in Chiang-nan, the elders of village-community were, at the same time, the leaders of influential kinship groups, and the organization or property of village-plays were often under the control of powerful clan. In Ming-chou village, for example, the members of organization for she-miao plays, were usually selected exclusively out of members of family Wu呉氏，the most powerful clan of this village. This indicates that the organization of she-miao play in Chiang-nan, were constructed on the basis of blood relationships. (2) On the other hand, the organization of the she-miao play, was maintained, in part, in connection with local administrative system, such as li-chia里甲，under which all the taxes and labour services to the public were imposed on village people according to the land-book, called huang-ts‘e黄冊，that was to be compiled on the basis of every local administrative section, called li-chia里甲，in every ten years. In the village of Ming-chou茗洲，for example, the she-huo社戸，belonging to the family Wu呉，the supporter of the village play, often fulfiled the responsibility for compiling the land-book, the so-called huang-ts‘e黄冊，in the capacity of li-zhang里長，the chief of the local administrative section. In consequences, the structure of local plays in consanguineous villages in Chiang-nan, was supported not only by the private power of minority clan, but also by the public power of the local administrative authority. In short, the controls of land-owner class over the organization of village plays were, more or less, strengthened in Ming明period, in comparison with those in Yuan元period. In the following chapters, I shall proceed to investigate what changes might have been brought in the local plays through the trends of strengthening of the controls by gentry class.
東京大学東洋文化研究所,The Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyoの論文

15・6世紀を中心とする江南地方劇の変質について-2-

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東京大学東洋文化研究所,The Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo | 論文

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