Building-related symptoms among the elementally school pupils and their association to organic phosphate triesters exposure at home in Sapporo
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Organic phosphate triesters (OP) are a range of compounds widely used as additive flame retardants in ceiling and wall coverings. To date, only a limited number of studies have been conducted that measure OP in house dust and only two have investigated OP levels and inhabitants’ health. The aim of this study was to measure OP levels in homes and to evaluate their relation to Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) symptoms among elementary school pupils, a known high risk group. Case and control pupils were selected from a baseline questionnaire survey conducted at 12 elementary schools in Sapporo in 2009, and 80 agreed to participate. Floor dust was collected from the living room of each pupil’ homes and analyzed by GC/MS to determine the concentrations of 11 OP compounds. Questionnaires were given to all pupils at the same time to assess any SBS symptoms. Among all subjects, 39 pupils reported having SBS symptoms and gender and grade (±1)-matched controls were selected. Significantly more allergies were reported in the case pupils, who tended to live in older houses with more reports of dampness. Tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) had the highest concentration among the OP; the median value (detection rate) among the case and control houses was 56.01 μg/g dust (89.7%) and 59.70 μg/g dust (87.2%), respectively. There was no difference in the levels of OP between the case and control groups. Although there was no relation between OP and SBS in this study, further studies of OP should be continued as the level of TBEP in Japan was much higher than that of Europe.
- 2011-03-31
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- Building-related symptoms among the elementally school pupils and their association to organic phosphate triesters exposure at home in Sapporo
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