女子卓球選手の動体視力特性

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原著(Original investigation)社会人(S群):7名,大学生(U群)22名,高校生(H群)32名,中学生(JH群)19名,小学生(ES群)49名のトップクラスの女子卓球選手を対象にスポーツビジョン研究会で実施している(1)静止視力(2)KVA動体視力(3)DVA動体視力(4)コントラスト感度(5)眼球運動(6)深視力(7)瞬間視力(8)眼と手の協応動作の測定を行い、競技力に重要な因子である動体視力(KVA,DVA)の特性について検討した。対照群は一般女子学生90名の中から日常運動習慣の無い一般女子学生10名(NA群)抽出した。各群とも静止視力1.0以上を対象とした。KVA動体視力,DVA 動体視力を各群間の平均値で見るとKVA動体視力の各群間の平均値に有意な差が見られなかったが、DVA動体視力のU群の平均値はH,ES群の平均値より有意に高い値を示した。KVA動体視力に対する測定項目の貢献度の高い視機能は静止視力,眼と手の協応動作,コントラスト感度、DVA動体視力は瞬間視,眼球運動,眼と手の協応動作であった。そして静止視力,コントラスト感度と競技歴との間には有意な相関関係は認められなかったが、瞬間視,眼球運動と競技歴との間には有意な正の相関関係が認められた。眼と手の協応動作と競技歴との間には有意な負の相関関係が認められた。以上のことから、女子卓球選手のKVA動体視力は潜在的、DVA動体視力はトレーニングの要因が影響し、競技力の向上を目指し動体視力を高めるにはKVA動体視力は視力矯正を含み最適な静止視力を有すること、DVA動体視力は継続したトレーニングが必要であることが示唆された。A study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of kinetic vision in women's table tennis players. There are kinetic visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity in kinetic vision. In the present experiment, sports vision of women's table tennis players were measured; member of society women's table tennis players (S group: aged 24.7±1.3yrs),university women's table tennis players(U group: aged 19.5±1.1yrs),high school women's table tennis players (H group: aged 16.3±0.8yrs),junior high school women's table tennis players(JH group: aged 13.6±0.8yrs),elementary school women's table tennis players(ES group: aged 11.1±1.0yrs), and Kyoto sangyo university student women's non-athletes (NA group: aged 18.7±0.5yrs). Then players 7 numbers in S group,22 numbers in U group,32 numbers in H group,19 numbers in JH group,49 numbers in ES group and 10 numbers in NA groups(their static visual acuity>1.0) were selected as subjects. Static visual acuity, kinetic visual acuity, dynamic visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, ocular motor skill, depth perception, visual reaction time and eye-hand coordination of them were measured. Physical characteristics and experience of training of table tennis were investigated using questionnaire. Mean values of kinetic visual acuity were no significantly among all groups, dynamic visual acuity in U groups were significantly higher than H,ES groups. Kinetic visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity showed difference about contribution rates for measurement item. Static visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and eye-hand coordination showed greater contribution rates for kinetic visual acuity. Visual reaction time, ocular motor skill and eye-hand coordination showed greater contribution rates for dynamic visual acuity. Significant correlations between static visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and experience of training were not found, but significant positive correlations between visual reaction time, ocular motor skill and experience of training were found and significant negative correlation between eye-hand coordination and experience of training was found. These results suggest that the improvement of kinetic visual acuity hold the best static visual acuity, the improvement of dynamic visual acuity are caused by heavier training and these are the important for the level up game ability.
2010-03-01

女子卓球選手の動体視力特性

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