Plant regeneration with maintenance of the endosperm ploidy level by endosperm culture in Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx

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An endosperm culture of Haskap (Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx) was established to develop polyploid plants and investigate the regeneration ability of the endosperm. Based on histological analysis of embryo and endosperm development, endosperms at the globular to early torpedo-stages of developing embryos were used to initiate an endosperm culture. Formation of shoot primordia was observed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (1962) containing benzyladenine (BA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Shoot primordium formation was confirmed in some genotypes with regeneration frequencies ranging between 1.9% to 10.0%. These proliferated on 1/2 MS medium containing 2.89 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), and then elongated and rooted on MS medium containing 0.44 μM BA and 2.89 μM GA3. These shoots developed into plantlets on 1/2 MS medium. Plantlets maintained ploidy of the endosperm following flow cytometric analysis, thus confirming that these were derived from the endosperm. These results indicated that endosperms were capable of regeneration.
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