学級における社会的受容に関する発達心理学的研究-3-相互選択・相互排斥の発達的傾向
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概要
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There have been a few studies concerned, from the standpoint of developmental trends, with the mutual choices and rejections in the classroom. The present study represents an attempt to explore the developmental trend, if any, observed in relation to the mutual choices and rejections, with relatively large samples of 10 months' acquaintanceship. The sociometric criterion situation employed in this study was in the area of cleaning duty of the classroom and the playground. To calculate tac and tar, both five choices and rejections were analyzed, though unlimited choices and rejections were allotted in the sociometric test. Median tests were conducted to evaluate the developmental trends. Ss were from grade 1 through 8 ; 7 classrooms each of 1st-, 3rd-, and 5th-graders, with 7 classrooms of 7th-and 8th-graders combined. An analysis and comparison of the data revealed the following findings: (1) As shown in Table 3 and Fig. 1, the magnitude of tac, very similar to that of Tanaka's (1964), tends, as a whole, to increase as grade level increases, though the difference between lst-graders and 3rd-graders, and that between 5th-graders and 7th-and 8th-graders combined, both, fail to reach statistical significance. This result, while based upon tentative measures and a restricted sample, may safely be interpretedto indicate that there is a tendency for mutual choices to increase with increasing grades. (2) As shown in Table 4, tar does not, contrary to our prediction, show a significant decrease in magnitude among upper-graders, H-test revealed that there were no significant differences among the four grade-groups involved, which fact is consistent with the findings reported by Tanaka (1964). (3) These results mentioned above were compared with those obtained in earlier studies and some discussion was made in regard to the agreements and discrepancies.
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