日本の近代化と宗教
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概要
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As well known, Max Weber, in his "Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus," (1904-05) found a value system in Protestantism (especially in Calvinism), that is to be a kernel of modernization in West Europe and USA, and discussed its relation to the development of modern industrial society. As for a value system to be a kernel of modernization in Japan, as Kazuo Aoi has pointed out, there are two views on it, which unfortunately are not widely known. The first of the two views aims to find a kernel in Japanese traditional culture, particularly in various religions in Japan. The second view insists that a kernel is lacking in the modernization of Japan which has no experience of Runaissance and the Reformation in her history. The first view, a position to find a kernel in religions, is devided into three: an opinion to find a kernel in Buddhism (especially in the Shin Sect of Buddhism and Zen Buddhism), Confucianism and Christianity (Protestantism). First of all, those who find a kernel in the Shin Sect of Buddhism are Katsuro Hara, Kanji Naito, Shizuo Matsushima, Ryukichi Mori and R.N. Bellah. Hajime Nakamura and Shinzo Ono find it in Zen Buddhism. An opinion in Confucianism is supported by Naojiro Nishida and Yasuzo Horie. Finally even in our country there are some who find a kernel in Protestantism, and they are Soho Tokutomi, Tetsuji Kada and Mikio Sumiya. As for the second view, it is advocatid by M. Weber himself, T.B. Veblen, S.N. Eisenstadt, Koji Iizuka, Kyuichi Yoshida and Japanese Weberians, in particular Hisao Otsuka and Kohachiro Takahashi. In this article entitled "The Modernization of Japan and Religion," we, therefore, intend to present some problems and questions in the course of examination of the views of scholars explained above.
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