ロックの政治思想
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概要
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Two years after the Glorious Revolution Locke's "Two Treatises of Government" was published. In the second Treatise, starting from the assumption that in the state of nature men are naturally all free, equal and independent, Locke maintains that only by their own consents they make themselves members of political society. According to Locke, the end is to preserve their lives, liberties and estates more securely, and the powers necessary to this end are given up to government. In this way governors have the power to make laws for the common good, and the power to enforce these laws and exact punishment for their infringements, but are always under the obligation to fulfil the end for which political society was established. Thus, in Locke the relation between the people and governors is understood in terms of the idea of trusteeship. Governors have only a fiduciary power to act for the entrusted end, and can never be arbitrary. Further, Locke asserted separation of political powers, supremacy of the legislative over the executive, and the right of the people to resist when governors act contrary to their trust. These assertions are of great historical importance. Resolutely Locke rejected Hobbesian absolutism, and gave the theoretical basis for the liberal-democratic state. This can not be denied, and there can be also no doubt of his great influence in his own country, America and France. But on the other hand, Locke's thought is not always free from any defects. Limitations and restrictions related to his own historical circumstances are found in his thought. One of these can be clearly seen in his justification of the unequal distribution of property. Therefore I propose to examine Locke's thought, paying our attention to its property theory.
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- 1977-11-00
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