Roman Religion and its Religiosity
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概要
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This essay examines the intrinsic qualities of the "religiosity" of popular Roman religion in the period between the late republic and the principate, through a comparison of Roman religion and Shinto, the traditional religion of Japan. Firstly, in chapter 1, there is a review of issues specifically pertaining to Roman religion. The inherent religiosity of the Roman religious tradition has not been adequately evaluated due to difficulties surrounding the definition of the term "religion." Therefore, in chapter 2, a definition of religion as it pertains to the historical Roman context is discussed, with a special focus on the influence of Judeo-Christian and Greco-centric scholars on this concept. Chapter 3 deals with a comparison between Roman religion and Shinto. Section 1 compares both religions in general and the public cult of Romans and Shrine Shinto in particular. In section 2 the ritual-centered nature of both religions is demonstrated through a discussion of the ritual process in both religions, with a special focus on the record of the festival held in May by the Arval Brethren. In section 3, the intrinsic qualities of both religions are examined, as well as historical sources that support notions of Roman religiosity, such as Cicero. The non-exclusive nature of Roman religion and Shinto is detailed in section 4. Both traditions were generous in their acceptance of other forms of worship. In the case of Roman religion, gods, goddesses and rituals were appropriated into the public rituals of Rome from the traditions of Rome's enemies, in order to deprive opposing forces of their divine protection by inviting their gods to Rome. The logic of acceptance was slightly different in Shinto, though similar shifts occurred. Finally, a comparison of attitudes toward both religions found in written accounts is discussed in chapter 4. A further comparison is made between Roman religion / Shinto and the Judeo-Christian tradition. Although there is little in the written record outlining personal belief in the former religions, this is not necessarily due to a lack of inherent religiosity or a relative lower level of religious maturity, but derives rather from differences in the intrinsic nature of both religions. This essay concludes by asserting that through a comparison with Shinto, characteristics of Roman religion are more clearly demonstrated than they have been in previous comparisons with Judeo-Christian religious traditions, which are expressed in terms that prejudice the latter over the former. Future comparisons between Roman and Shinto ritual will prove to be significant in further demonstrating this point of view.
- 東京大学文学部宗教学研究室,Department of Religious Studies. The University of Tokyo,東京大学大学院博士課程の論文
東京大学文学部宗教学研究室,Department of Religious Studies. The University of Tokyo,東京大学大学院博士課程 | 論文
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