Temperature adaptation in Dictyostelium: role of Δ5 fatty acid desaturase
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概要
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Membrane fluidity is critical for proper membrane function and is regulated in part by the proportionof unsaturated fatty acids present in membrane lipids. The proportion of these lipids in turnvaries with temperature and may contribute to temperature adaptation in poikilothermic organisms.The fundamental question posed in this study was whether the unsaturation of fatty acidscontributes to the ability to adapt to temperature stress in Dictyostelium. First, fatty acidcomposition was analysed and it was observed that the relative proportions of dienoic acidschanged with temperature. To investigate the role of dienoic fatty acids in temperature adaptation,null mutants were created in the two known Δ5 fatty acid desaturases (FadA and FadB) thatare responsible for the production of dienoic fatty acids. The fadB null mutant showed nosignificant alteration in fatty acid composition or in phenotype. However, the disruption of fadAresulted in a large drop in dienoic fatty acid content from 51･2 to 4･1% and a possiblycompensatory increase in monoenoic fatty acids (40･9–92･4 %). No difference was detectedin temperature adaptation with that of wild-type cells during the growth phase. However,surprisingly, mutant cells developed more efficiently than the wild-type at elevated temperatures.These results show that the fatty acid composition of Dictyostelium changes with temperatureand suggest that the regulation of dienoic fatty acid synthesis is involved in the developmentof Dictyostelium at elevated temperatures, but not during the growth phase.
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