女子学生の運動生活による体格,身体組成,及び体力への影響について

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The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of physical activity on the physique, body composition and physical fitness of women students at pretraining and post-training times. Physique, body composition, Rohrer index and physical fitness were compared between athletic students (active group, 74) and non-athletic students (sedentary control group, 94) of the female sex, aged 18 to 20. Their measurements were compared, based on the data of the pre-training period (1st year students) and post-training period (2nd year students) That training included the habitual physical activity of one year. The 74 athletes were regular players of strenuous sports (Volley ball, Basketball, Track & Field, Swimming, Badminton, Tennis or Gymnastics). Their height(Ht), weight (Wt), and skinfold (triceps, subscapular and abdomen) were measured and then from these measurements, Rohrer index, total body fat (%), lean body mass (LBM), LBM index (LBM(kg)/ Ht^3(cm)×10^7) and LBM-Ht ratio (or LBM ratio, LBM(kg)/ Ht(cm)×10^2) were calculated. Skinfold (triceps, subscapular and abdomen) was obtained at the pressure of 10g/mm^2 with Eiken caliper. Physical fitness (performance) was determined by the Method of Sports Test of the Japanese Ministry of Education (10 items). The results were as follows : 1) Body height was greater and body weight heavier in athletes than in non-athletes at both times. Between a pre-training body weight and a post-training one a negative correlation was found. 2) Rohrer index was larger in athletes than in non-athletes at both measuring times. 3) Skinfold thickness (abdomem) was greater in non-athletes than in athletes at both times. Skinfold (triceps + subscapular) was thicker in athletes than in non-athletes at the pre-training time but this thickness was reversed at the post-training time. The variation of body fat (%) showed a similar tendency to that of skinfold thickness (triceps + subcapular). 4) LBM(kg) was significantly heavier in athletes than in non-athletes at both times and the relationship between LBM(kg) at the pre-training time and the rate of LBM variation、 showed a negative coefficient of correlation. LBM(%) increased significantly in athletes (P<0.001). 5) LBM index was larger in athletes than in non-athletes at both times. The increase in LBM index was highly significant in athletes (P<0.001) after a year. Therefore, the utility of LBM index (LBM(kg)/Ht^3(cm)×10^7) has been repeatedly advocated by the authors. 6) LBM(kg)/Ht(cm)(LBM-Ht ratio) showed a similar tendency to LBM index. LBM-Ht ratio was found to have correlation with physical performance. 7) Physical fitness (Sports Test of the Ministry of Education) was significantly higher in athletes than in non-athletes at both times. Moreover, the score increased in the active group in 9 items, but decreased in the inactive (sedentary control) group in 5 items. 8) LBM(kg) was more correlative with physical fitness than with body height, body weight and Rohrer index. Therefore, LBM(%), LBM index and LBM ratio were favorably correlated with physical fitness. Moreover, LBM(%) and Fat(%) were reciprocally correlated with physical fitness. The negative significant correlation was found between an increase of LBM(%) and shortning of 1000m running time(sec) at the post-training period only in athletes(P<0.01). To summarize our interpretation of the results, we can conclude as follows: Habitual physical activity has direct effects upon the physique, body composition and physical fitness of women students.
〔長崎大学教養部〕の論文

女子学生の運動生活による体格,身体組成,及び体力への影響について

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