GPS-derived Velocity and Crustal Strain Field in the Suez-Sinai Area, Egypt
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概要
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Five GPS measurements collected in campaign mode during the period 1997～2002 are analyzed to derive velocity vectors and principal components of crustal strains along the Gulf of Suez and in the southern part of the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. Estimated horizontal velocity vectors in ITRF2000 are found to be in the range of 29～35mm/yr with an uncertainty level in the order of 1～2mm/yr (95％ confidence level). Then, estimated velocities are converted into a kinematic reference frame (Prawirodirdjo and Bock, 2004) to discuss crustal deformation relative to the Eurasian plate. Least-Squares prediction (LSP) technique is employed to segregate signal and noise from velocity vectors. Estimated signals are used to reconstruct strains, dilatations, maximum shear strains, and principal axes of strains. Strains obtained might portray active tectonic environments in the region under study. (1) Dilatational strains indicate that the region under study is mainly divided into two areas : the western part around the Gulf of Suez where extensional strain is predominant, and the eastern part around the Gulf of Aqaba where compressional strains prevail. (2) Maximum shear strain is mostly accommodated at the Gulf of Suez and Gulf of Aqaba. Distribution of seismicity shows high consistency with high shear strain areas. The estimated dilatation strain rate and the maximum shear strain rate are both 0.25 Micro-strain/yr on average. (3) Principal axes of the strains indicate that an extensional force is acting along the Gulf of Suez in the NE-SW direction. Moreover, the principal axes of strains show a good correlation with the SHmax directions obtained from earthquake focal mechanisms and borehole breakouts.
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