1970年代アメリカ連邦政府における高等教育財政援助政策の変容 : 機関援助とFIPSE型援助に焦点を当てて(II 研究報告)
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概要
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The U.S. federal government has been properly involved with higher education according to the national needs. For example, to ensure educational opportunity at postsecondary level and to deal with diverse students, the Education Amendments of 1972 was enacted. Previous studies have covered mainly two aspects relating to this Act: higher education financial aid policy and the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE). However, these previous studies have two problems. First, they have not studied the enactment process, in which institutional aid was not basically placed as higher education financial aid in the federal government. Second, previous studies have not formally placed FIPSE type aid as one element of higher education financial aid policy at the federal level. Based on these problems, the author thinks that higher education financial aid policy at the federal level in the 1970s should be perceived as the establishment of FIPSE type aid and the reduction of institutional aid. This study aims, then, to examine the following three themes: First, the author considers what kind of demand was made of the federal government. Second, the author analyzes the enactment process at both the Senate and the House of Representatives. Third, the author considers the argument process at the joint conference of both houses, and analyzes the tendency after the enactment of the Education Amendment of 1972. The conclusions are as follow: 1. Institutional aid for all higher education institutions was not regarded as a proper role of federal government. 2. Contingent and restrictive institutional aid was surely enacted, but it was not practically appropriated. 3. FIPSE type aid was enacted and has continued to be appropriated in practice. Based on these findings, it could be possible to consider the following: First, FIPSE type aid was surely a small amount, but it has been consistently appropriated. Second, it had an impact on higher education in the U.S. because almost 2000 applications were made in the period of FIPSE establishment. Third, contingent and restrictive institutional aid was reduced and FIPSE type aid was introduced. Thus a qualitative transformation was made in higher education administration. For this reason, FIPSE type aid is an important research subject for higher education financial aid policy at the federal level.
- 2013-10-11