宋代「対移」考 : 地方官監察・処分制度の実態
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概要
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This article focuses on the Song Dynasty's institution of duiyi 対移 for disciplining its local administrative officials, describing its actual implementation and related provisions. Originally duiyi was a provisional measure to deal with such behavior as the shirking of duties, but from the late Northern Song Period on it became a permanent disciplinary institution implemented at the discretion of circuit (lu 路) inspectors as a general method for punishing local officials for illicit acts and failure to perform their assigned duties. Then during the Southern Song Period the institution became more widespread over provinces and their sub-districts, to be implemented by their respective executive officers. According legal provisions from the middle of that period, duiyi was being applied to almost all local officials, including military personnel (Xunjian 巡検, Zhubingguan 主兵官). Although there are laws that clearly require petitioning one's superiors before imposing duiyi, when looking at the actual cases, petitioning was either limited to certain circumstances or had merely become putative, since executives seemed to be acting upon their own discretion. It was the possibility of such discretionary action that made duiyi more convenient procedure-wise than impeachment and dismissal proceedings, in that violators could be immediately removed from their duties while their wrongdoing still exerted a minimum amount of influence. In contrast to the conventional research which has asserted that the authority of local Southern Song supervisors, not being completely confirmed, needed to be supplemented by the central bureaucracy, this article points out cases in which supervisors exercised their own discretion in punishing minor wrongdoing under the institution of duiyi, indicating a certain level of autonomy vis-a-vis the central government.
- 2013-03-20