東アジア産巨食性ヒル類の多様性研究(2012年度日本動物分類学会シンポジウム)

概要

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Macrophagous leeches consist of two families of the suborder Hirudiniformes: viz., Americobdellidae and Cylicobdellidae; and all four families of the suborder Erpobdelliformes: viz., Orobdellidae, Gastrostomobdellidae, Erpobdellidae, and Salifidae. Among those six families, all species of Americobdellidae, Cylicobdellidae, Orobdellidae, and Gastrostomobdellidae are terrestrial and feed on terrestrial oligochaetes (earthworms). Orobdellid and gastrostomobdellid leeches were formerly included among the Hirudiniformes on account of their euthylaematous pharynx; however, recent molecular phylogenetic study has shown that these two families belong to the Erpobdelliformes. The most common recent ancestor of this suborder may have had a euthylaematous pharynx, and if so, strepsilaematous pharynx is an apomorphic character within Erpobdelliformes. The species of Orobdellidae and Gastrostomobdellidae possess a muscular gastroporal duct, the morphology of which has recently been shown to differ between the two families. In addition, three kinds of orobdellid-type ducts can be recognized: 1) bulbous; 2) tubular; and 3) rudimentary. To provide a framework for reviewing recent progress in evolutionary studies on terrestrial macrophagous leeches, the classification and phylogeny of the infraclass Hirudinida is briefly outlined.
2013-02-28