1880年代プロセインにおける教育行財政制度の再編(IV 研究ノート)
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概要
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The aim of this paper is to clarify the political meaning of the reorganization of the Prussian educational administration and finance system in the 1880s, epoch-making reform in the development of the Prussian elementary educational system. It is generally understood that in the Prussian elementary educational system in the 19th Century, the elementary school (Volksschule) was controlled by the school authorities of district governments (Regierungss-chulbehdrde) as state agencies, while the communities (Gemeninde) and its inhabitants were forced to bear the cost of school maintenance in which the state played only a supplementary part. However, with the development of school policy in the 1880s, the system of educational administration and finance was reorganized by the two school laws of 1887 and 1888, namely, a part of the traditional centralized educational administration was decentralized, there was an abolition of school fee, and the establishment of a system of state subsidy for elementary school was put in place. How should we understand this epoch-making reform and this reorganization of the educational administration and finance system in the 1880s. Until now little interest has been shown in this matter. Even if some studies have mentioned this matter, this "reorganization" has been understood as too relative to social politics. and regarded simply as the realization of the expansion and improvement of the elementary school. In this paper, the process of this "reorganization" is clarified in details by examining the conflicts and arguments about the aim and contents of elementary education or the arrangement of its conditions in the 1870s and 1880s. In conclusion, it is proved that the manorial lords (Gutsherren the Conservative Party) and Prime Minister Bismarck had commnad of the process of this "reorganization", against the intention of Minister of Education Gossler. Their real aim was to limit the contents of elementary education and restrain the improvement of elementary school.
- 1993-10-09