The role of declining Arctic sea ice in recent decreasing terrestrial Arctic snow depths
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概要
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The dramatic decline in Arctic sea ice cover is anticipated to influence atmospheric temperatures and circulation patterns. These changes will affect the terrestrial climate beyond the boundary of the Arctic, consequently modulating terrestrial snow cover. Therefore, an improved understanding of the relationship between Arctic sea ice and snow depth over the terrestrial Arctic is warranted. We examined responses of snow depth to the declining Arctic sea ice extent in September, during the period of 1979-2006. The major reason for a focus on snow depth, rather than snow cover, is because its variability has a climatic memory that impacts hydrothermal processes during the following summer season. Analyses of combined data sets of satellite measurements of sea ice extent and snow depth, simulated by a land surface model (CHANGE), suggested that an anomalously larger snow depth over northeastern Siberia during autumn and winter was significantly correlated to the declining September Arctic sea ice extent, which has resulted in cooling temperatures, along with an increase in precipitation. Meanwhile, the reduction of Arctic sea ice has amplified warming temperatures in North America, which has readily offset the input of precipitation to snow cover, consequently further decreasing snow depth. However, a part of the Canadian Arctic recorded an increase in snow depth driven locally by the diminishing September Arctic sea ice extent. Decreasing snow depth at the hemispheric scale, outside the northernmost regions (i.e., northeastern Siberia and Canadian Arctic), indicated that Arctic amplification related to the diminishing Arctic sea ice has already impacted the terrestrial Arctic snow depth. The strong reduction in Arctic sea ice anticipated in the future also suggests a potential long-range impact on Arctic snow cover. Moreover, the snow depth during the early snow season tends to contribute to the warming of soil temperatures in the following summer, at least in the northernmost regions.
- 2013-06-00
著者
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Nakai Taro
International Arctic Research Center University Of Alaska
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Walsh John
International Arctic Research Center University Of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Po Box 757340 Ak 99775
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Ohata Tetsuo
Research Institute For Global Change Jamstec 2-15 Natushimacho Yokosuka 237-0061 Japan.
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Park Hotaek
Research Institute For Global Change Jamstec 2-15 Natushimacho Yokosuka 237-0061 Japan.
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Ohata Tetsuo
Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, 2-15 Natsushimacho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
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Walsh John
International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
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Kim Yongwon
International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
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Nakai Taro
International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
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Park Hotaek
Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, 2-15 Natsushimacho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
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Kim Yongwon
International Arctic Research Center (IARC), University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF), 930 Koyukuk Dr., Fairbanks, AK 99775-7335, USA.
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Walsh John
International Arctic Research Center (IARC), University of Alaska Fairbanks
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Ohata Tetsuo
Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
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Kim Yongwon
International Arctic Research Center (IARC), University of Alaska Fairbanks
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Park Hotaek
Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
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