日韓における国際競技力の比較研究 : 主として法的側面に着目して
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概要
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In the Tokyo Olympic Games (1964), Japan won 16 gold medals, which put Japan in third place and 29 medals in number (4th). At that time, Korea won 3 medals in all but no gold medals. In the Montreal Olympics (1976), Japan got 9 gold medals (5th) and a total of 25 medals (6th). At the time, Korea acquired one gold medal in wrestling. That was the first time for this country. Total medals were six. However, 12 years later in the Seoul Games (1988), this situation (ranking) between these countries had been overturned. Namely, Korea achieved 12 gold Medals (4th) and 33 medals in all (6th). On the other hand, Japan won 4 gold medals and 14 medals altogether. Since the Seoul Games, Japan has not been able to win against Korea in every Olympic Game (Barcelona, Atlanta and Sydney). The purpose of this study is why this kind of situation happened and I would like to elucidate these reasons. So I collected the data concerning the Games and analyzed them. In addition, I was sure that this came from the sporting strategies of the national policies. So I also investigated the law with regard to the sport in those countries. The reasons why Korean "International Sports Competitiveness" became stronger than the Japanese are as follows^ 1. Both countries have national sport promotion Acts, but the Korean Act is aimed largely to enhance the prestige of the nation through sport, while the Japanese one searches mainly for ways to advance the physical well-being of the people. 2. In Korea, athletes and their coaches are treated better than their counterparts in Japan through the Act. They are protected and supported by law. 3. Certain Korean companies must have competitive sport clubs in them, that is by law. In comparison, on the grounds of economic depression, many leading companies in Japan have been abolishing their own competitive sport clubs. 4. Korea has the national training center in the suburbs of Seoul, founded in 1966, while Japan does not have one yet. 5. Korean sport teams get enough money from the government for their training camps every year, while every Japanese team has a shortage of econonic benefits. 6. Excellent athletes (medal winners in world-level meets) and their coaches in Korea can receive pensions from the foundation supported by the nation. 7. They have the Presidential Decree in Korea, which has much power for developing competitive strength in sport.
- 2004-03-31