軽元素系材料を用いた水素貯蔵(<特集>水素および天然ガスの貯蔵技術の現状)

概要

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Light element materials for hydrogen storage were reviewed in this literature. In order to obtain high hydrogen capacity from the gravimetric and volumetric points of view, light elements such as, aluminum, boron, nitrogen, magnesium, etc. were focused on. Aluminum hydride desorbs hydrogen with more than 10wt% capacity from 〜100℃, but extremely high pressure or chemical metathesis process would be required for rehydrogenation. Borohydrides possess quite high hydrogen capacity of 10 wt% as well, however hydrogen ab/desorption temperature is more than 400℃. Magnesium hydride has 7.6 wt% hydrogen capacity, showing superior hydrogen absorption kinetics at room temperature by adding a suitable catalyst. However, more than 300℃ is necessary, in principle, to obtain 0.1 MPa of hydrogen desorption pressure. Although nitrogen related materials, such as amide-imide and ammonia-hydride systems show quite promising hydrogen storage properties, the desorbed hydrogen contains quite small amount of ammonia, which should be poisonous to animals and fuel cell devices. Ammonia borane has challengingly been focused all over the world due to its extreme hydrogen capacity of 〜20 wt%. However, regeneration process should be quite complicated. A breakthrough for the practical properties to hydrogen storage would be strongly desired.
2012-06-20