<Review> Mechanism of Endurance Training-induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis : Are Reactive Oxygen Species Involved?

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Research in the 1960s and 1970s revealed that the most important biochemical changes in skeletal muscle in response to endurance training were increases in mitochondrial function and volume (mitochondrial biogenesis). Since the 1990s, research efforts have been directed toward the elucidation of the molecular events and the related intracellular signaling pathways involved in training-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. It was recently suggested by Gomez-Cabrera et al. (2008) that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during exercise play a crucial role in training-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. However, this suggestion has not necessarily been supported by subsequent studies. Future studies should aim to pinpoint the sites of ROS production and the redox status in various cellular compartments under the conditions employed, and then relate the redox status to the specific signal transduction pathways activated and the final outcome of endurance training-induced mitochondrial biogenesis.