色素増感太陽電池の現状と将来展望(<特集>次世代太陽電池)

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In this review, current situation of the important components of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) such as TiO_2 photoelectrode, electrolyte, counter electrode and dyes are described. In order to develop efficient TiO_2 photoelectrode, morphological control of nanocrystalline TiO_2 is important to improve the electron conductivity and to enlarge the surface area. Cobalt complexes or organic radicals are employed as electron mediator in the electrolyte instead of iodine. Larger open-circuit voltage was successfully obtained in the DSCs with these electron mediators. Carbon materials, such as carbon black, graphene and carbon nanotube, are utilized as a counter electrode instead of platinum to reduce the production cost of DSCs. Almost the same conversion efficiency was obtained in the DSCs with carbon material counter electrode compared to those with platinum one. Highly efficient dyes, not only ruthenium complex dyes but also porphyrine dyes, have been thus far developed. In addition, solar cell performance of the DSCs with these highly efficient dyes is further improved by cosensitization method. The highest conversion efficiency (12.3%) was obtained in this multiple dye system (100 mW/cm^2, active area: 0.36 cm^2).
2012-05-20