超臨界二酸化炭素利用技術の最新動向(<特集>CO_2の化学的,物理的有効利用技術)

概要

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Supercritical fluids have been given much attention as a new-type solvent and have been applied in various fields of industries. Their solvent power is moderate, and their transport properties are favorable in mass transfer rates. In particular, carbon dioxide has been commonly used as a solvent for many industrial applications because it is environmentally benign, nonhazardous, and inexpensive and has a low critical temperature and a moderate critical pressure. Supercritical carbon dioxide has been widely used for separation and purification, reaction, material processing, analysis, refrigerant of heat pumps and so on. First, this article has described the solvent characteristics such as the solvent structure of supercritical carbon dioxide and solubility. Second, this article has taken a general view of history and trends of supercritical fluids technologies, and has reviewed the current trends in supercritical carbon dioxide technologies and their applications for the separation and purification, the material processing, and the refrigerant of heat pumps. In particular, the material processing using supercritical carbon dioxide is efficient approach to prepare high purity (solvent-free) and nano-sized materials. As an example, the study on the production of drug nanoparticles via the rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) technique has been presented in this article.
2012-04-20