Depletion of Tropical Forest Resources, Prevention Strategies, Remaining Challenges and Implications for Action(<Special Issue>Multipurpose Forest Management)
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概要
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The area covered by tropical forests is rapidly shrinking, and local wood shortages, land degradation, biodiversity loss and global warming are been recognized as the main negative impacts. This paper review literature and examines the depletion of tropical forests and implemented prevention strategies and discusses the remaining challenges to protect and implications for actions to restore the forests. The tropical forests are disappearing by 0.18% per year at a rate of 32,000 ha per day falling global per capita forest area to 0.6 ha in 1990 and projecting less than 0.2 ha by 2020. The tropical forests have been over-exploited creating serious threat on the production of forest goods and services. Some of the major global strategies proposed and implemented during the last few decades to combat tropical forest depletion include Tropical Rainforest Campaign in 1975; straightforward protected areas approach in 1980s; community forestry approaches in 1980s; market-based forest management after 1986; Tropical Forests Action Plan in 1987; The forest policy of World Bank in 1991; the integrated conservation and development programs through "Earth Summit" in 1992; forest certification in 1993; Millennium Development Goals in 2000 and Kyoto Protocol. Major challenges remaining in protection of tropical forests are recognized as the shifting socio-economic conditions of the countries; globalized financial markets; the worldwide commodity boom; and wood based industrial promotions. Many community-based forestry management strategies have currently become inappropriate without considerable external support. Eco-certification has hampered by corruption and weak governance while Kyoto Protocol has been defeated for political reasons. The international agreements and conservation programs have to be coordinated by the establishment of appropriate mechanism for coordination, consultation, and collaboration to conserve tropical forests. Dialogues and education campaigns among scientific, industrial and conservation interests have become a vital importance to slow harmful forest depletion with industrialization trends. Food security oriented forestry strategies and multipurpose forestry programs could be able to supply forest services and products to meet changing social, economic and environmental circumstances. Community forest governance would promote the sustainability of forest management with growing array of stakeholders, changing to multi-centric structures, and differences in scales, goals and means of forest management.
著者
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De Zoysa
Department Of Agricultural Economics Faculty Of Agriculture University Of Ruhuna
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Dushani Nesha
Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna
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Dushani Nesha
Department Of Agricultural Economics Faculty Of Agriculture University Of Ruhuna