The Impact of Deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia : The Indigenous People of Rondonia State

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Brazilian Amazonia is the biggest continuous tropical forest in the world. Thousands of species of fauna and flora, and many indigenous people, live in that forest. Today, the Amazonian environment is changing very rapidly. In 1995, Brazil's population was 162,497,250 inhabitants and population growth is expected to continue to accelerate. Population pressure is one of the most serious reasons for the deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia. The Polonoroeste Project was responsible for the construction of the BR-364 highway, bringing development to the State of Rondonia, in south-western Amazonia, and many villages of indigenous groups were removed. In 1500, Brazil was populated by approximately five to six million indigenous people, composed of 700 ethnic groups. However, today, there are only 217,778, corresponding to 146 ethnic groups. The objective of this report is to describe the situation of one of the indigenous people of Rondonia, the Karitiana group, and to develop an understanding of their needs. They have many problems, including their economic independence, health and education of their children. The relationship between the indios and FUNAI (National Indian Foundation) is very complex and leaves much room for improvement. Preservation of their language and their traditional lifestyle is of crucial importance to maintain their identity.
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