伝統芸能教育の現在 : タイ学制における伝統芸能教育を事例として
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概要
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Tradition/Culture we have preserved from generation to generation within each society or each community. We can especially recognize our own tradition/culture as the form of traditional performing arts which include music, dance, drama, belief and so on. However we learn to know that in the modernized society people take their own tradition for old-fasioned and then they like to be released themselves from any conventions based on the tradition. Therefore at present we are confronted with a problem that we might lose the chance to transmit our tradition as well as our ethnic identity. In such a situation some people insist on the need of the preservation/transmission of their tradition. They especially note the introduction of traditional performing arts as one of the art subject in school education. As we have already known the practice in Japan, we can easily imagine such a situation that it is hard to introduce the traditional/cultural heritage into school education in usual. In Thailand, however, it seems that they succeed in introducing the tradition/culture into school education. Through the practice in school, moreover, they can preserve their great heritages. In this paper, I would like to describe the historical background and the current conditions of introducing the traditional knowledge, performing arts into school education in Thailand. In 1934 the first technical school - the school of dance and music - was founded for successors of the performance in royal court. In 1970's it expanded 12 schools all over the country and the level of education became changed into the college. In Thailand this kind of school plays a central part for the Thai traditional performing arts education. The other institutes mostly follow the teaching method and the contents of this school. To make a common curriculum, Ministry of Education of Thailand had to collect any kinds of traditional perfomance scattered all over the country and create new performances representing Thai traditional style. This might provide a new idea for Thai people. 'A various kind of performing arts can be integrated under the word. "Thai tradition".' It is of my opinion that this vague idea could bring the change of the traditional learning system, from closed to open. As the result, Thais could succeed in the introduction into school education. Since 1970's Thai people more strongly began to be conscious of the idea, 'Thai Identity' which was originally the policy of government. It resulted in that traditional art subjects were strongly released to general school education for the purpose of preservation of great national tradition. Owing to the spread of traditional art subjects into general school, training a person, who has a special skill and knowledge, increasingly got to need in higher education. In Thailand, there are many colleges, universities where they have a department of the teacher's training of these subjects. In terms of perfoming arts, they have much more spaces for traditional arts than western arts. It was not until recent days that Thai government authority made a decision of the introduction and, nevertheless, they could obtain a great success. It was because the government actively collected and refined any kinds of traditional perfomances in order to introduce them into school. Some of them probably have been forced the original form to be changed. However, we should emphasize that they established some stable spaces for the traditional performance in school education. Therefore, we can say that the policy of Ministry of Education in Thailand could indicate one significant form to our contemporary world that have a problem about the preservation of tradition/culture.
- 日本カリキュラム学会の論文
- 2000-03-31