State Recognition or State Appropriation? Land Rights and Land Disputes among the Bugkalot/Ilongot of Northern Luzon, Philippines

概要

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The Bugkalot/Ilongot were awarded the Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title(CADT) issued by the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples in a joyfulcelebration on February 24, 2006. The CADT is a contemporary assertion of indigenouspeoples' ability to negotiate claims to land, livelihood, and autonomy withinthe nation-state. So far, however, the acquisition of the Bugkalot/Ilongot CADT hasnot made any substantial difference in the everyday lives of the people of Ġingin, asettlement located at the heartland of the Bugkalot area. Not only does the trendof in-migration of lowland settlers and other indigenous groups continue, there areheightening social tensions caused by growing numbers of land-grabbing incidentsamong the Bugkalot themselves. This issue is examined in the context of statepromotedsettlement projects, the advance of capitalism, and the process of commodification,which have given rise to a new notion of exclusive landownership.State provision of land rights and capitalist market forces have combined to shapeland relations in new and often surprising ways. By exposing some of the diverseand changing forms of dispossession, as well as the failure of barangay officials andgovernment agencies in mediating and resolving land disputes, this article questionswhether the seemingly novel avenues that the Philippine state has taken to "legitimate"indigenous peoples' rights, in practice, actually extend state control.
2012-04-30