武蔵野の畑作文化 : 埼玉県三富地域を事例として
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概要
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It has been formerly acknowledged that the culture of rice cultivation is one of the most significant matters for appreciation of Japanese culture in folklore, history and anthropology. Recent investigation from the mid-60’s to the 80’s, however, raised questions about these unified theories, and this culture has been discussed from multiple perspectives. On the other hand, it is particularly worth noting that jyobata（semi-permanent farming）has been less well understood even in Agricultural Studies, and there is still room for further research into jyobata, not only in Agricultural Studies, but in other studies related to Japanese culture. In folklore, jyobata has only been dealt with as a part of traditional agricultural ceremonies connected to the wheat growing, and little is known about its production techniques. The main purpose of this research, therefore, is investigating production techniques in jyobata from the folklore standpoint. The designated area for this research is called Santome, located on the Musashino Plateau. The Santome area stretches over two places; Tokorozawa city and Miyoshi town in Saitama. In this area, farming has been the base of traditional occupations from the Edo period. Not only in the Santome area, but also most of the villages on the Musashino Plateau are water-poor areas; accordingly, inhabitants have been relying on farming instead of cultivating rice. Despite the fact that farming has been one of the most fundamental occupations in this area, farmland in Musashino was scaled back by housing developments as Japan began undergoing modernization. Furthermore, the former way of living and history of Musashino has slipped into obscurity. The circumstances in Musashino have changed with the times; the Santome area, on the contrary, still retains original land plotting from the cultivation in the Edo Period, and numerous inhabitants are making their living in farming. For these reasons this research studies the agricultural circumstances in Musashino.