1940年代前半における教育雑誌統制策 : 国民教育図書株式会社・国民教育研究所に注目して
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概要
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This paper examines the policy to control educational journals in the early 1940s. It is well known that publications were extensively censored in Japan during the Asia-Pacific War, and that the structure to control publications was established upon the initiative of the Ministry of Home Affairs or the Cabinet Intelligence Bureau. Under these conditions, during the latter half of the 1940s, the Ministry of Education surveyed the contents of educational journals and then planned a policy to control them. However, previous research does not focus upon the policy. Furthermore, this paper will consider the National Education Publishing Company (Kokuminkyoiku tosho kabushiki gaisha) and the Institute on National Education (Kokuminkyoiku kenkyujo). By examining the process of their establishment and their purposes and affairs, and their management systems, this paper will reveal the structure and internal working of the policy. The intention of this policy was to 'correct' information on National Elementary School and to reduce the amount of paper used for publishing. To achieve these ends, the Ministry of Education discontinued educational journals that had reported on National Elementary School. In their place, the National Education Publishing Company and the Institute on National Education were established. Following their creation, the company and institute began to edit or publish Nipponkyoiku and Kokuminkyoiku, new journals to monopolize information on National Elementary School. It is worth noting, in particular, that some of publishers of educational journals actively supported the foundation of the company and institute. Publishers who were promoters of the company funded them, and subsequently held important posts of the company, while publishers who weren't the promoters criticized the policy. On the other hand, the core members of the institute were officials of the Ministry of Education, and editing of the new journals was leaded by them. Moreover, the Ministry of Education even intervened in the management of the company. In conclusion, while the policy to control educational journals in the early 1940s was put forward by the Ministry of Education in order to 'correct' information on National Elementary School, the policy was enforced with the cooperation of publishers of educational journals.
- 2011-10-01