新潟県十日町市の豪雪地帯における里山のチョウ群集

概要

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To understand the characteristics of the butterfly assemblage in a snowy temperate satoyama area, transect surveys were conducted nine times from spring to autumn in Tokamachi City, where average annual maximum snow depth is about 3m. A transect route (2.1km) was established, and divided into 14 sections with four vegetation types (four grassland, two protected slope, four forest/wetland edge, and four forest interior sections). In total, 177 individuals from 27 species were observed. This species richness was rather lower than those in other satoyama areas. The numbers of species of oak, bamboo, citrus, and hackberry feeders were especially lower, probably because of scarcity of host plants, but those of viola feeders were equal or higher, probably because of maintenance of grasslands around terraced paddy fields. Grassland and edge sections had higher species richness than protected slope and forest interior sections. Of the two declining species observed in this study (Luehdorfia japonica and Fabriciana adippe), the former used the interior and edges of the forests, whereas the latter used grasslands. Maintenance of grasslands, oak forest patches, and beech forests with the host plants of L. japonica would be essential for conserving the butterfly fauna in this area.
2011-06-30