Effects of Necessary Information on Listening Tests : Focus on its Location and Characteristics

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This paper reports on a study that investigated the effects of text information that a reader must understand to be certain of the correct answer (necessary information) in a listhning comprehension test. There is general agreement that the d(fficulty of listening comprehension tests is affected by many factors, such as speech rate. However it has been unclear which factor causes item dflIculty most because only a few studies have been done to empirically examine several variables and identify significant ones. This study focuses on the location and the characteristics of the necessary information and examines how these factors affect item dflculty of STEP listening tests. The results showed that (a) the location of the necessary information affects item dfJIculty. Items whose necessary information existed in the first clause were harder than those that included their necessary information at different locations, that (b) among several characteristics of the necessary information, only speech rate (words per second) and the proportion of pronouns significantly correlated with the item difficulty, and that (c) a tendency was found that STEP tests have changed the location of the necessary information in the last three years.
外国語教育メディア学会の論文