HYSPIRI SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS(Plenary Session,ICSANE 2010 (International Conference on Space, Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics))
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概要
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In 2004, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) requested the National Research Council (NRC) identify and prioritize the satellite platforms and associated observational capabilities that should be launched and operated over the next decade for Earth observation. In addition to providing information for the purpose of addressing scientific questions, the committee identified the need to ensure that the measurements helped benefit society and provide policymakers with the necessary information to make informed decisions on future policies affecting the Earth. The resulting NRC study Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond, also known as the Earth Science Decadal Survey, (NRC, 2007) recommended launching 15 missions in three time phases. These three time phases are referred to as Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3, respectively. The Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) mission is one of the Tier 2 missions recommended for launch in the 2013-2016 time frame. This global survey mission provides an unprecedented capability to assess how ecosystems respond to natural and human-induced changes. It will help us assess the status of biodiversity around the world and the role of different biological communities on land and within inland water bodies, as well as coastal zones and at reduced resolution in the ocean. Furthermore, it will help identify natural hazards; in particular volcanic eruptions and any associated precursor activity, and it will map the mineralogical composition of the land surface. The mission will advance our scientific understanding of how the Earth is changing as well as provide valuable societal benefit, in particular, in understanding and tracking dynamic events such as volcanoes and wildfires. The HyspIRI mission includes two instruments: a visible shortwave infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectrometer operating between 0.38 and 2.5 μm at a spatial scale of 60 m with a swath width of 145 km and a boresighted thermal infrared (TIR) multispectral scanner operating between 4 and 12 μm at a spatial scale of 60 m with a swath width of 600 km. The VSWIR and TIR instruments have revisit times of 19 and 5 days, respectively. Several of the other Tier 1 and Tier 2 missions provide complementary measurements for use with HyspIRI data, in particular, the DESDynI, ACE, ICESat-II, and GEO-CAPE Decadal Survey missions each of which addresses very different spatial scales compared to the local and landscape scales observable with HyspIRI. While the synergy between HyspIRI and other sensors, including those on operational satellites, benefits all missions and would support relevant scientific endeavors, the ability of HyspIRI to achieve its primary mission goals is not dependent on data from these other instruments. The HyspIRI mission is science driven. In other words, one can trace back the measurement requirements for the mission to a particular science question. HyspIRI has three top-level science questions related to 1) Ecosystem function and composition, 2) Volcanoes and natural hazards, and 3) Surface composition and the sustainable management of natural resources. The NRC Decadal Survey called out these three areas. The top-level science questions for the HyspIRI mission are:
- 2010-10-20
著者
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Hook Simon
Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
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Middleton Elizabeth
Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
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Green Robert
Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology