モンシロチョウ属のチョウたちの生息場所の利用のしかた
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概要
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Three butterfly species of the genus Pieris, P. rapae crucivola BOISDUVAL, P. melete MENETRIES and P. napi japonica SHIROZU, are found in Japan feeding on cruciferous plants at the larval stage. We studied their ecological characteristics at the population level comparatively to understand their whole life modes in an area of their coexistence. The habitats of the three species were qualified by the four factors, i.e., oviposition plants, adult nectar plants, roosting-sites and light conditions. Their habitats could be characterized as follows: P. rapae, temporary, continued for pre-reproductive females but localized for reproductive females and all males, and unstable; P. melete, permanent, widespread, and stable; P. napi, permanent, localized and stable. Sexually immature, mated females of P. rapae after teneral stage showed a migratory flight. On the other hand, reproductive females and all males of P. rapae were strongly resident within suitable habitats, and reproductive females began to lay eggs explosively at sunny places of newly suitable areas within a short period. P. melete seemed to disperse gradually from emerged sites and females of this species continued to lay some constant numbers of eggs for more than ten days over a wider area. P. napi appeared more like P. melete than P. rapae. We consider that the primary factors influencing the evolution of reproduction of the Pieris butterflies and their other characteristics of life modes are predictability and stability of their habitats.
- 日本鱗翅学会の論文
- 1988-09-30