ウォルター・スコット『アイヴァンホー』における騎士道精神の推移

概要

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The chivalry we find in Walter Scott's Ivanhoe is somewhat different from that in medieval times: it is wider in scope and more varied in characters-not only members of the upper-class. In order to clarify chivalry in Ivanhoe, we need to look at three elements in particular: 'valor', 'loyalty' and 'religious feeling'. 'Valor' can be differentiated into 'altruistic valor' and 'egoistic valor'. In the novel both knightly and, importantly, non-knightly characters express positive 'altruistic valor'. We learn about 'loyalty' through each of the relationships that Ivanhoe and servant Gurth have to Lord Cedric. Both initially abandon their lord, yet in the course of events, regain their feelings of loyalty. Religion is viewed as encompassing both positive and negative elements. The Templar knights, who may believe themselves to be righteous and pious Christians, are portrayed as cruel and without mercy. In contrast, Friar Tuck, who can hardly be described as righteous or anything like a perfect Christian knight, demonstrates positive chivalric characteristics when he assumes his warrior persona. Chivalric deeds are not only shown by knights like Ivanhoe and Richard but also by the non-knightly characters. In the characterization of Friar Tuck, and characters like Lord Cedric's servant, Gurth and Wamba, Scott portrays chivalry as not only the preserve of the privileged classes.
2010-03-31