Allometory, scaling and scale-specificity of cirques, landslides and other landforms (特集日本地形学連合創立30周年記念)

概要

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Allometry, scaling and scale-specificity are general concepts useful in a broad range of sub-disciplines of geomorphology, and thus provide some common ground at a time of increasing specialisation. The specific geomorphometry of some very different landforms- cirques, landslides, volcanoes and mobile bedforms- shows scale-specificity (modal sizes, limits, thresholds, break-points) as well as scaling behaviour. Scaling is generally accompanied by size limits or breaks: 'scale invariance' has been used too loosely. Scaling is often confined to one or two decimal orders of magnitude, and is allometric rather than isometric: shape changes with size. This is demonstrated by comparing confidence intervals on allometric exponents for large populations of glacial cirques in many regions in Europe and British Columbia. Whether power or geometric mean regression is used, vertical dimensions are seen to increase with overall size more slowly than do length and width. Drumlins and other glacial bedforms show both scale-specificity and static allometry. Landslide frequency distributions exhibit a 'rollover' effect which cannot generally be attributed to omission of small features.
2010-04-25