アルチュセールのイデオロギー論の解釈の一試論
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概要
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The term 'ideology' was originally coined by Antoine Destutt De Tracy to describe a 'science of ideas'(l'etude des idees). However, no sooner had the term appeared, than the word began to be treated as a synonym for an abstract idea or concept far removed from reality. Since the advent of Marxism, there have been constant disputes and various views on ideology, due to two potentially conflictive theories on ideology expressed by Marx himself, and the clarification of the point at stake, or reconsideration of the theory, has been neglected by traditional Marxists. Indeed ideology was considered mainly as a form of 'bourgeois' propaganda' or 'false consciousness'.Louis Althusser, a French structuralist, defied those traditional interpretations of the idea of Marx and undertook his own reading of Marx's works. In his theory, he elaborated Marxism as an interpretative discipline ( une discipline interpretative (Garo 2008 : 45) liberating it from simple communist or socialist theory. It is in his efforts to redefine Marxism that he conceived an original theory of ideology in which he clarified the materialistic nature of ideology and its function constituting individuals as ideological subjects. This article is a reading of Althusser's theory of ideology. The reading was done on Althusser's two texts, namely pour Marx and Ideologie et appareils ideologiques d'Etat. The investigation focuses on his key idea on ideology expressed in the notions of Problematique,Subjection, and Ideological State Apparatuses, seeking to understand the way ideology functions in society through an Althussian perspective.