4.動物細胞の凍結保存 : 哺乳動物の卵子と受精卵の耐凍性に関わるタンパク質(セミナー「低温と生物・食品」)

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The suitable condition for the cryopreservation of mammalian oocytes and embryos differs among their maturational/developmental stages even in the same species. The permeability of the plasma membrane to water and cryoprotectants would be one of the most important cryobiological properties because it is closely related to major types of cell injury during cryopreservation. In the mouse, morulae and early blastocysts tolerate cryopreservation better than oocytes and embryos at early cleavage stages. Accordingly, morulae and blastocysts have high permeability to water and cryoprotectants, such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, dimethylsulfoxide, and acetamide. In addition, the temperature-dependency of the permeability is low, which suggests that water and these cryoprotectants move across the plasma membrane predominantly by facilitated diffusion via channels. In oocytes and embryos at early cleavage stages, on the other hand, water and cryoprotectants would move across the plasma membrane predominantly by simple diffusion through lipid bilayer, because the permeability is low and its temperature-dependency is high. In morulae, aquaporin 3, an aquaglyceroporin, is expressed in the plasma membrane abundantly, but not in oocytes. The suppression of aquaporin 3-expression in morulae markedly decreases the water-permeability. The suppression of aquaporin 3-expression also markedly decreases the permeability of morulae to glycerol and ethylene glycol, but not that to dimethylsulfoxide and acetamide. Thus, in mouse morulae, aquaporin 3 appears to play an important role in the movement of water, glycerol, and ethylene glycol, whereas cryoprotectant channels other than aquaporin 3 appear to play a role in the movement of dimethylsulfoxide and acetamide.
2009-10-31

4.動物細胞の凍結保存 : 哺乳動物の卵子と受精卵の耐凍性に関わるタンパク質(セミナー「低温と生物・食品」)

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